In-hospital breastfeeding and predictive factors during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: A retrospective cohort study - Aleitamento materno hospitalar e fatores preditores durante a pandemia pelo SARS-CoV-2: Coorte retrospectiva.

PURPOSE: To analyze breastfeeding and the factors that positively influence the first hour of life, during hospitalization, and at discharge during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. DESIGN AND METHOD: This is a retrospective cohort study, with data collected from medical records. Consisting of 225 mother-newborn dyads with deliveries between 2020 and 2021. Breastfeeding in the first hour of life, during hospitalization, and at discharge was considered as the outcome variable. The independent variables were sociodemographic, obstetric, and neonatal data. The analysis was performed with bivariate and multivariate regression through a generalized linear model (Poisson family), with a 5% significance level. It was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB), under approval number 4,911,317. RESULT: Newborns of women without COVID-19 suspicion or diagnosis and who had skin-to-skin contact with their mother at birth are twice as likely to be breastfed in the first hour of life. Absence of complications in the newborn during hospitalization and no COVID-19 suspicion or diagnosis double the exclusive breastfeeding rate during hospitalization. Newborns exclusively breastfed during hospitalization present 1.6 times more chances of being exclusively breastfeeding at hospital discharge. CONCLUSION: It was evidence that women who gave birth without COVID-19 suspicion, and newborns who had skin-to-skin contact with their mother at birth represented a predictive factor for favoring exclusive breastfeeding. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: This research contributes to the innovation of evaluating breastfeeding in the newborn's first hour of life, during hospitalization, and at discharge in a pandemic context.

Influence of simulation design on stress, anxiety and self-confidence of nursing students: Systematic review with meta-analysis.

AIM: To evaluate the simulation design characteristics that may influence the stress, anxiety and self-confidence of undergraduate nursing students during learning. DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Searchers were conducted in October 2020 and updated in August 2022 in the databases CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase®, ERIC, LILACS, MEDLINE, PsycINFO®, Scopus and Web of Science, PQDT Open (ProQuest), BDTD, Google Scholar and specific journals on simulation. REVIEW METHODS: This review was conducted according to the recommendations of Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews and reported according to the PRISMA Statement. Experimental and quasi-experimental studies that compared the effect of simulation on stress, anxiety and self-confidence of nursing students were included. The selection of studies and data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers. Simulation information was collected as prebriefing, scenario, debriefing, duration, modality, fidelity and simulator. Data summarization was performed by qualitative synthesis and meta-analytical methods. RESULTS: Eighty studies were included in the review, and most reported in detail the structure of the simulation, contemplating prebriefing, scenario, debriefing and the duration of each step. In subgroup meta-analysis, the presence of prebriefing, duration of more than 60 min and high-fidelity simulations helped reduce anxiety, while the presence of prebriefing and debriefing, duration, immersive clinical simulation modalities and procedure simulation, high-fidelity simulations and use of mannequins, standardised patients and virtual simulators, contributed to greater students' self-confidence. CONCLUSIONS: Different modulations of simulation design components imply reduction of anxiety and increased self-confidence in nursing students, especially highlighting the quality of the methodological report of simulation interventions. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: These findings help to support the need of more rigorous methodology in simulation designs and research methods. Consequently, impact on the education of qualified professionals prepared to work in clinical practice. No Patient or Public Contribution.

As dificuldades na amamentação de recém-nascidos: análise quanto à via de parto / Difficulties in newborn breastfeeding: analysis regarding the delivery route

A amamentação é uma prática recomendada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde devido aos seus inúmeros benefícios para mãe e recém-nascido, porém seu estabelecimento e manutenção vêm sendo um grande desafio nos dias atuais. Objetivo: Identificar comportamentos indicativos de dificuldades maternas e neonatais relacionadas à amamentação considerando a via de parto. Casuística e Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 240 binômios mãe-bebê, por amostragem aleatória simples e os dados obtidos através da aplicação do instrumento de observação e avaliação da mamada, proposto pelo Fundo das Nações Unidas para Infância (Unicef), com realização de entrevista semiestruturada e coleta de dados complementares por análise documental de prontuários. Estes foram analisados pelo programa SPSS versão 3.5 por meio do teste X2, exato de Fisher e aplicada a correção de Yates quando cabível, sendo os resultados estatisticamente significativos quando p<0,05. Resultados: Constatou-se no estudo uma elevada prevalência de participantes com comportamentos indicativos de dificuldades, sendo "posição" e "sucção" os mais prevalentes. Foram encontradas, ainda, significativas associações entre parto normal e comportamentos favoráveis à amamentação relacionados ao aspecto "resposta", assim como entre cesárea e comportamentos favoráveis relacionados à "posição". Conclusão: Foi possível identificar comportamentos sugestivos de dificuldades durante a amamentação, auxiliando a população, oportunizando reflexões e fornecendo subsídios para profissionais da saúde no incentivo e promoção do aleitamento materno

Breastfeeding is a practice recommended by the World Health Organization due to its numerous benefits for mother and newborn, but its establishment and maintenance have been a major challenge nowadays. Objective: To identify behaviors that indicate maternal and neonatal difficulties related to breastfeeding, considering the mode of delivery. Casuistry and Methods: The sample consisted of 240 mother-baby binomials, by simple random sampling and the data obtained through the application of the instrument of observation and evaluation of breastfeeding, proposed by the United Nations Children's Fund (Unicef), with the performance of semi-structured interview and collection of complementary data through document analysis of medical records. These were analyzed using the SPSS version 3.5 program using Fisher's exact X2 test and Yates correction was applied when applicable, with statistically significant results when p<0.05. Results: The study found a high prevalence of participants with behaviors indicative of difficulties, with "position" and "sucking" being the most prevalent. Significant associations were also found between vaginal delivery and favorable breastfeeding behaviors related to the "response" aspect, as well as between cesarean sections and favorable behaviors related to "position". Conclusion: It was possible to identify behaviors that suggest difficulties during breastfeeding, helping the population, providing opportunities for reflection and providing subsidies for health professionals in encouraging and promoting breastfeeding

Desfechos obstétricos em parto de adolescentes: estudo transversal / Obstetric outcomes in adolescents birth: cross-sectionalstudy

A gravidez na adolescência é um problema de saúde pública mundial e apresenta maior risco de morbimortalidade materna e neonatal. Objetivo: analisar os desfechos maternos em adolescentes de risco habitual e alto risco gestacional. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com adolescentes com idade entre 10 a 19 anos. A amostra utilizada no estudo foi de 220 adolescentes. Foram utilizados como testes estatísticos o X² e, quando necessário, o teste exato de Fisher ou Mid-P. Foi considerado o valor de p<0,05. Resultados: Observou-se que as adolescentes de risco habitual apresentaram gestação não desejada (p=0,033) e lacerações perineais durante o parto vaginal (p<0,001) e as de alto risco tiveram alterações da gestação (p<0,001), episiotomia (p= 0,038) no parto e internações em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) (p=0,015). Conclusão: As adolescentes de alto risco gestacional necessitam de uma atenção especializada durante o ciclo gravídico-puerperal, para prevenir alterações gestacionais, quadros clínicos graves, internação em UTI e desfechos neonatais adversos, com intuito de melhorar a qualidade de vida perinatal

Teenage pregnancy is a global public health problem and presents a higherrisk of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. This study aims to analyze the maternal outcomes in adolescents of usual riskand high gestational risk. Methods: This is a crosssectional study, carried out with adolescents aged 10to 19 years. The sample used in the study consisted of 220 adolescents. X² were used asstatistical tests, when necessary, Fisher's exact test or Mid-P was used. Ap value <0.05 wasconsidered. Results:it was observed that the usual risk adolescents had unwantedpregnancies (p= 0.033) and perineal lacerations during vaginal delivery (p<0.001) and thehigh risk ones had changesin pregnancy (p<0.001), episiotomy was performed (p= 0.038)and admitted to theIntensive Care Unit (ICU) (p= 0.015). Conclusions: Adolescentsat high gestational risk need specialized care during the pregnancy-puerperal cycle, to prevent gestational changes, severe clinical conditions, ICU admission and adverse neonatal outcomes, withthe aim of improving perinatal quality of life

Effect of simulation on stress, anxiety, and self-confidence in nursing students: Systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression.

INTRODUCTION: Simulation is a promising strategy in health education, with evidence of importance for learning, but the available systematic reviews are still inconclusive about the effect of the strategy on stress, anxiety, and self-confidence of nursing students, which impact the adherence to and sustainment of this strategy. Thus, better evidence is needed of the impact of simulation on these competences, essential for health professional education. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of simulation-based experiences on stress, anxiety, self-confidence and learning of undergraduate nursing students compared to conventional teaching strategies or no intervention. DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression. DATA SOURCES: The databases used included: CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase®, ERIC, LILACS, MEDLINE, PsycINFO®, SCOPUS and Web of Science. Additional searches occurred in PQDT Open (ProQuest), BDTD, Google Scholar and journals with a specific scope in clinical simulation. REVIEW METHODS: This study was conducted by the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Experimental and quasi-experimental studies that compared the effects of simulation on stress, anxiety, and self-confidence of nursing students were included. Study selection and data extraction steps were performed independently by two reviewers. Critical appraisal of the studies was managed by means of the risk of bias tools RoB 2 and ROBINS-I, and quality of evidence by means of the GRADE tool. Data summarization was performed by qualitative synthesis with descriptive analysis and quantitative synthesis by meta-analytic methods and meta-regression. RESULTS: Sixty-two studies were included covering an overall sample of 4570 undergraduate nursing students. When comparing simulation with other teaching strategies, simulation showed small effect size for anxiety (d = -0.33; 95% CI: -0.66-0.002; p = 0.051) and medium effect size for self-confidence (d = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.46-0.95; p < 0.001); there was no difference in the effect-size for stress (d = 0.04; 95% CI:-0.91-0.99; p = 0.90). Subgroup analyses showed an effect of methodological characteristics of the studies on students' anxiety and self-confidence. A positive relationship between self-confidence and learning was identified by meta-regression (p = 0.018; R2 = 20.96%). CONCLUSION: Simulation is an effective strategy for reducing anxiety and increasing self-confidence compared to conventional teaching strategies. Results are still inconclusive for stress. The use of simulation-based experiences in nursing education obtains positive results on anxiety and self-confidence in students, providing support for its implementation in undergraduate curricula to improve the education of qualified nurses. REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020206077. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Simulation is an effective teaching strategy for reducing anxiety and increasing self-confidence in learning.

Breast shells for pain and nipple injury prevention: A non-randomized clinical trial.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of breast shells in preventing pain and nipple injury during breastfeeding. Method: A non-randomized clinical trial was carried out with blinding to the evaluators of the study results. The study included women with ≥35 weeks of singleton pregnancy, no nipple changes, and a desire to breastfeed. Resulting in 62 lactating women. The experimental group used breast shells and health education with clinical demonstration (n = 29), whereas the control group used no breast shells (n = 33). Pain and nipple injury were assessed three times, twice prenatally and once up to 14 days postpartum. Results: Nipple injury (50.0%) and nipple pain (67.7%) presented with similar frequency in both groups (p = 1). Breast engorgement (35,5%) was associated with nipple pain (p = 0.019) and its onset was delayed in the experimental group (p = 0.001). Health education contributes to breast and nipple care and increases favorable breastfeeding patterns. Conclusion: Breast shells do not prevent nipple pain or injury. Innovation: As far as we know, this is the first clinical research evaluating the use of breast shells since the antenatal care to prevent the occurrence of nipple pain and injury.

Lanolina y educación para la salud en la prevención de dolor y lesiones en los pezones: ensayo clínico aleatorizado / Lanolin and prenatal health education for prevention of nipple pain and trauma: Randomized clinical trial

Objetivo: Investigar el efecto de la lanolina sobre el dolor y el traumatismo de los pezones en la lactancia después de la aplicación de educación para la salud. Método: Ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado, con 2 brazos, sin cegamiento, con 66 participantes durante la atención prenatal en la red básica de salud en Goiânia-Goiás, Brasil. Las participantes fueron aleatorizadas (1:1) utilizando números generados por ordenador en el grupo experimental (GE) y en el grupo de control (GC). El GE recibió lanolina y educación para la salud sobre lactancia materna en 2 momentos diferentes, con demostración clínica y álbum ilustrativo como intervención, mientras que el GC recibió educación para la salud estándar. La educación para la salud fue realizada por los mismos investigadores en ambos grupos. El dolor, la lesión del pezón y la lactancia se midieron en el octavo día posparto. El análisis incluyó estadística descriptiva y análisis inferencial mediante la prueba de Chi-cuadrado o Fisher y la prueba de la t de Student, con un nivel de significación de 0,05. Resultados: La mayoría de las participantes no experimentaron lesiones en el pezón (59,1%) en ambos grupos, y el 60,6% de las mujeres experimentaron dolor. En ambos grupos, las mujeres mostraron comportamientos favorables a la lactancia materna, excepto en la condición de los senos. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos en la prevención del dolor (p=0,61), lesiones de los pezones (p=0,21) y la técnica de lactancia (p>0,05). Conclusión: No está claro si la intervención de lanolina combinada con educación para la salud tiene un efecto positivo en la prevención del dolor y el traumatismo en los pezones. Se necesitan más investigaciones para dilucidar esta cuestión.(AU)

Objective: To investigate the effect of lanolin on nipple pain and trauma in breastfeeding after application of a health education. Method: Randomized controlled clinical trial, with two arms, open, with 66 participants during prenatal care in the primary health care network in Goiania – Goias, Brazil. Participants were randomized (1:1) using computer generated numbers in both experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). The EG received lanolin and health education on breastfeeding at two different times with clinical demonstration using cloth didactic breast and illustrative album as the intervention, while the CG received standard health education. Health education was carried out by the same researchers in both groups. Measurement of pain, nipple trauma, and breastfeeding technique occurred on postpartum day eight. The analysis included descriptive statistics and inferential analysis by means chi-square or Fisher test, and Student's t-test, significance level set at 0.05. Results: A majority of the participants experienced no nipple trauma (59.1%) in both groups, and 60.6% of women experienced pain. In both groups, women showed favorable breastfeeding behaviors, except in the condition of the breasts. There were no significant differences between groups in pain prevention (p=0.61), nipple lesions (p=0.21), and breastfeeding technique (p>0.05). Conclusion: It is not clear whether the intervention, lanolin combined with health education, has a positive effect on the prevention of nipple pain and trauma. Further research is needed to elucidate this question.(AU)

Lanolin and prenatal health education for prevention of nipple pain and trauma: Randomized clinical trial. / Lanolina y educación para la salud en la prevención de dolor y lesiones en los pezones: ensayo clínico aleatorizado.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of lanolin on nipple pain and trauma in breastfeeding after application of a health education. METHOD: Randomized controlled clinical trial, with two arms, open, with 66 participants during prenatal care in the primary health care network in Goiania - Goias, Brazil. Participants were randomized (1:1) using computer generated numbers in both experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). The EG received lanolin and health education on breastfeeding at two different times with clinical demonstration using cloth didactic breast and illustrative album as the intervention, while the CG received standard health education. Health education was carried out by the same researchers in both groups. Measurement of pain, nipple trauma, and breastfeeding technique occurred on postpartum day eight. The analysis included descriptive statistics and inferential analysis by means chi-square or Fisher test, and Student's t-test, significance level set at 0.05. RESULTS: A majority of the participants experienced no nipple trauma (59.1%) in both groups, and 60.6% of women experienced pain. In both groups, women showed favorable breastfeeding behaviors, except in the condition of the breasts. There were no significant differences between groups in pain prevention (p=0.61), nipple lesions (p=0.21), and breastfeeding technique (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: It is not clear whether the intervention, lanolin combined with health education, has a positive effect on the prevention of nipple pain and trauma. Further research is needed to elucidate this question. Registration number: RBR-7tvhq8. Registry website: http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/.

Demonstração clínica no pré-natal para o manejo da prevenção do ingurgitamento mamário: estudo quase-experimental / Demostración clínica prenatal para el manejo de la prevención de la ingurgitación de mama: estudio casi experimental / Prenatal clinical demonstration for the management of the breast engorgement prevention: quasi-experimental study

RESUMO Objetivo: investigar a efetividade da educação em saúde sobre amamentação no pré-natal para a adoção de medidas de prevenção do ingurgitamento mamário decorrente do aleitamento materno. Método: trata-se de um estudo quase-experimental com 136 participantes. No grupo experimental (n=91) foi realizada intervenção educativa com demonstração clínica sobre amamentação durante a gestação e reforço das orientações por telefone; o grupo-controle (n=45) recebeu as orientações habituais da unidade de saúde sem interferência da equipe de pesquisa. Para a análise dos dados foi realizada estatística descritiva inferencial, e risco relativo para associação das variáveis de interesse. Resultado: a adoção de medidas de manejo do ingurgitamento mamário foi superior no grupo experimental (p=0,026). A técnica adequada de amamentação foi prevalente entre as mulheres que receberam a intervenção (p=0,030), em especial na posição (RR: 1,39; IC 95%: 1,002-1,94) e pega (RR:20,03; IC 95%: 5,2-77,8). Além disso, o grupo experimental realizou a interrupção da mamada de forma adequada (p<0,001). Conclusão: a educação em saúde com utilização de demonstração clínica é efetiva no manejo do ingurgitamento mamário, na técnica adequada de amamentação e comportamentos de proteção ao aleitamento materno.

RESUMEN Objetivo: investigar la efectividad de la educación en salud sobre lactancia materna en la atención prenatal para la adopción de medidas para prevenir la ingurgitación de mama resultante de la lactancia materna. Método: se trata de un estudio casi-experimental con 136 participantes. En el grupo experimental (n = 91) se realizó una intervención educativa con demostración clínica sobre lactancia materna durante el embarazo y refuerzo de las guías telefónicas; el grupo control (n = 45) recibió las instrucciones habituales de la unidad de salud sin interferencia del equipo de investigación. Para el análisis de los datos se realizó estadística descriptiva inferencial y riesgo relativo para la asociación de las variables de interés. Resultado: la adopción de medidas para el manejo de la congestión mamaria fue superior en el grupo experimental (p = 0.026). La técnica de lactancia adecuada prevaleció entre las mujeres que recibieron la intervención (p = 0,030), especialmente en la posición (RR: 1,39; IC 95%: 1,002-1,94) y agarre (RR: 20,03; IC 95%: 5,2-77,8). Además, el grupo experimental realizó la interrupción de la lactancia de forma adecuada (p <0,001). Conclusión: la educación en salud con el uso de la demostración clínica es eficaz en el manejo de la congestión mamaria, en la técnica adecuada de lactancia materna y conductas protectoras frente a la lactancia materna.

ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate the effectiveness of health education on breastfeeding in prenatal care for the adoption of measures to prevent breast engorgement resulting from breastfeeding. Method: this is a quasi-experimental study with 136 participants. In the experimental group (n = 91) an educational intervention was carried out with clinical demonstration on breastfeeding during pregnancy and reinforcement of guidelines by telephone; the control group (n = 45) received the usual instructions from the Primary Health Care without interference from the research team. For the analysis of the data, inferential descriptive statistics and relative risk for the association of the variables of interest were performed. Result: the adoption of measures to manage breast engorgement was superior in the experimental group (p = 0.026). The adequate breastfeeding technique was prevalent among women who received the intervention (p = 0.030), especially in the position (RR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.002-1.94) and latching on (RR: 20.03; 95% CI: 5.2-77.8). Also, the experimental group performed the interruption of breastfeeding appropriately (p <0.001). Conclusion: health education with the use of clinical demonstration is effective in the management of breast engorgement, in the appropriate technique of breastfeeding, and protective behaviors against breastfeeding.

The effectiveness on health education to prevent nipple trauma from breastfeeding: a systematic review / A eficácia da educação em saúde na prevenção do trauma mamilar na amamentação: revisão sistemática

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the effectiveness on health education to prevent nipple trauma in breastfeeding compared to other interventions. Methods: systematic literature review was carried out in January 2019, according to PRISMA recommendations. The searches were conducted in Cinahl, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and in the references cited in the selected articles. The studies were assessed for quality and level of evidence according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: twelve studies were selected, all conducted at the maternities. The interventions were classified in two categories: health education on breastfeeding and the use of nipple covers. Health education on breastfeeding presents a moderate level of evidence on the prevention of nipple trauma. There is a moderate to high level of evidence on the positive effects of guaiazulene, gel or peppermint water applied in the postpartum period to prevent nipple trauma. Conclusion: health education on breastfeeding with clinical demonstration is an important strategy to prevent nipple trauma and requires more than one educational approach. The use of nipple covers requires some consideration, since they must be removed prior to breastfeeding. All interventions were conducted in the postpartum period, which points out for the necessity of clinical research to prevent nipple trauma in prenatal care.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar a eficácia da educação em saúde para a prevenção do trauma mamilar na amamentação comparado a outras intervenções. Métodos: revisão sistemática realizada em janeiro de 2019, segundo recomendações PRISMA. As buscas foram realizadas na Cinahl, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus e referências citadas nos artigos selecionados. Os estudos foram avaliados quanto à qualidade e nível de evidência conforme o sistema Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Resultados: foram selecionados 12 estudos, todos executados em maternidades. As intervenções foram representadas em duas categorias: educação em saúde sobre amamentação e uso de coberturas mamilares. A educação em saúde sobre amamentação apresenta moderada evidência na prevenção do trauma mamilar. As coberturas de gel ou água de hortelã-pimenta, de guaiazulene, aplicadas no pós-parto, têm efeito positivo na prevenção do trauma mamilar, com moderada a alta evidência. Conclusão: a educação em saúde sobre amamentação, com demonstração clínica, configura-se importante estratégia para prevenção do trauma mamilar, devendo ser realizada mais de uma abordagem educativa. A implementação de coberturas mamilares precisa ser ponderada, pois todas exigiram remoção antes da mamada. Todas as intervenções foram conduzidas no pós-parto, o que aponta para a necessidade de pesquisas clínicas sobre a prevenção do trauma mamilar no pré-natal.